Abstract
BackgroundDevelopmental factors were assumed to be the key factors that influenced the morphology of femoral trochlea. This study investigated the effects of insufficient patellar stress after birth on the morphological development of the femoral trochlea. Effects of insufficient patellar stress on femoral trochlea were investigated using surgical induced patellectomy and patellar dislocation in growing rat model.MethodsIn this study, two experimental groups and one sham group (SG) were established. Thirty-six Wistar rats (female, 28 days of age) were randomly assigned to three groups. The patellectomy group (PG), rats underwent the patellectomy in this group. The dislocation group (DG), rats underwent the surgery-induced patellar dislocation. Histological staining (Safranin-O and fast green), Micro-computed tomographic (Micro-CT) analysis in two experimental endpoints (3, 12 weeks postoperatively) were selected to evaluate morphological changes of the femoral trochlea.ResultsArticular cartilage on the trochlear sulcus was remodeled at 3 weeks after the surgery, and degenerated at 12 weeks through the histological staining. The femoral trochlear angle (FTA) did not show a significant difference at 3 week between the experimental groups and the sham group (PG vs SG P = 0.38, DG vs SG p = 0.05), but the FTA was significantly increased in experimental groups at 12 weeks(PG vs SG P = 0.001, DG vs SG p = 0.005). The Bone volume density (BV/TV), Trabecular number (Tb.N) under the trochlea groove were significantly reduced at 3 weeks postoperatively in the experimental groups (PG vs SG p = 0.001, DG vs SG p = 0.002). No significant difference was found in BV/TV and Tb. N among the three groups at 12 weeks postoperatively.ConclusionSurgical induced patellectomy and patellar dislocation leads to the dysplastic trochlear sulcus in growing rats. Besides the bone morphology of trochlear sulcus, the articular cartilage and subchondral trabecula under the trochlear sulcus were remodeled early stage after the surgery.
Highlights
Developmental factors were assumed to be the key factors that influenced the morphology of femoral trochlea
Visual and histological observations The articular cartilage in the patellectomy group became blunt in compared with the healthy cartilage at 3 weeks
The coverage of cartilage was excessive on the top of bilateral trochlear facets, while it was decreased in the center of the trochlear groove at 3 weeks(Fig. 4b)
Summary
Developmental factors were assumed to be the key factors that influenced the morphology of femoral trochlea. This study investigated the effects of insufficient patellar stress after birth on the morphological development of the femoral trochlea. Effects of insufficient patellar stress on femoral trochlea were investigated using surgical induced patellectomy and patellar dislocation in growing rat model. Previous studies had reported the high incidence of patellar dislocation (up to 29 to 43 of 100,000 people) in the teenagers [1, 2]. Researches by Dejour and Fulkerson et al had reported that trochlear dysplasia existed in 96% of patients with a history of patellar dislocation [3]. Øye et al found children with the breech presentation has a high-risk factor of trochlear dysplasia and patellar dislocation and supposed the morphology of the trochlear groove was initially formed in the prenatal stage when the osseous trochlea began its development [12]. Experimental researches based on the animal model had supported
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