Abstract
A well-managed chemical nitrogen (N) fertilization practice combined with treated swine slurry (TSS) is necessary to improve sustainability and N use efficiency in rice farming. However, little is known about the fate of N derived from chemical N fertilizer with and without TSS in paddy soil-plant systems. The objectives of this study were (1) to estimate the contribution of applied N fertilizer to N turnover in rice paddy soil with different N fertilization practices that were manipulated by the quantity of treated swine slurry and chemical N fertilizer (i.e., HTSS+LAS, a high amount of TSS with a low amount of ammonium sulfate; LTSS+HAS, a low amount of TSS with a high amount of ammonium sulfate; AS, ammonium sulfate with phosphorus and potassium; C, the control) and (2) to compare the rice response to applied N derived from each N fertilization practice. Rice biomass yield, 15N recovery in both rice grain and stems, soil total N (TN), soil inorganic N, and soil 15N recovery were analyzed. Similar amounts of 15N uptake by rice in the TSS+AS plots were obtained, indicating that the effects of the different quantities of TSS on chemical fertilizer N recovery in rice during the experimental period were not significant. The soil 15N recoveries of HTSS+LAS, LTSS+HAS, and AS in each soil layer were not significantly different. For the HTSS+LAS, LTSS+HAS and AS applications, total 15N recoveries were 42%, 43% and 54%, respectively. Because the effects of reducing the use of chemical N fertilizer were attributed to enhancing soil quality and cost-effectiveness, HTSS+LAS could be an appropriate N fertilization practice for improving the long-term sustainability of paddy soil-plant systems. However, N losses, especially through the coupled nitrification-denitrification process, can diminish the benefits that HTSS+LAS offers.
Highlights
Rice grain yield has increased with the rapid increase in the use of inorganic N fertilizers, especially the ammonium forms of N fertilizers
The total biomass yield increased by 18% and 10% under HTSS+LAS and LTSS+HAS compared with the control plot, respectively
The total N (TN) uptake by rice decreased by 11% and 15% under HTSS+LAS and LTSS +HAS compared with the AS plot, respectively
Summary
Rice grain yield has increased with the rapid increase in the use of inorganic N fertilizers, especially the ammonium forms of N fertilizers. The high amount of swine slurry production has always been an inevitable byproduct of CAFOs. Most local governments in South Korea are not allowed to build or expand pig farms due to the farm odor. The high amount of manure produced by confined livestock in restricted areas has become a serious environmental concern because excess nutrients can adversely affect both the ground water and surface water via leaching and runoff, respectively [12]. These environmental issues have been highlighted, and a movement towards an environmentally friendly treatment system for swine slurry has been initiated. The objectives of this study were (1) to estimate the contribution of applied N fertilizer to N turnover in a rice paddy soil with different N fertilization practices that are manipulated by the quantity of TSS and chemical N fertilizer and (2) to compare the rice response to applied N derived from each N fertilization practice
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