Abstract
This paper provides the first nationally representative estimate of multi-generational persistence of education and establishes the trend of this persistence for modern China. Grandparent education is correlated with child education, controlling for parent education. The magnitude of this correlation is comparable to those in western countries. The grandparent effect is primarily due to missing information from the parent generation, not direct interactions between grandparents and children. While the two-generational persistence of education exhibits a pronounced U-shaped trend, three-generational mobility varies modestly. Overall, results suggest that the variation in long-term social mobility is limited in both cross-sectional and temporal dimensions.
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