The dynamics of mangrove forest: the relationship between mangrove community structures and carbon stock–study cased in the Jakarta Bay

Abstract

Pollution has resulted degradation that affects carbon stocks and mangrove composition and structure. Ecologically this relationship creates conditions that are interrelated with each other. This research has been conducted along in the shores of Jakarta Bay, from Tangerang (Banten Province)-North Jakarta (DKI Jakarta)- Muara Bendera (Bekasi-West Java province). The purpose of this research is to design the relationship between mangrove community structure and carbon stock. The method used vegetation analysis, allometric, Pearson correlation, and system dynamic. The result is the average of import value index at tree level is 113.57%, at tillers level is 92.03%, and the seedling levels is 80.6%. The average coverage for all levels was 38.62%, and according to regulation ministry of environment and forestry (MoEF) number 201 in years 2004, it was put into damaged criteria. Dominant species are performed by Avicennia marina, Avicennia lanata, Rhizophora aviculata, Soneratia caseolaris, and Soneratia alba. The average of carbon stock was 204.25 grC.m-2 with an average of 454.04 grC.m-2 biomass, an average litter of 271.59 grC.m-2, an average sediment of 206.31 grC.m-2, an average of roots of 45.4 grC.m-2, and average of nekromassa of 43.88 grC.m-2. Carbon stocks in above of soil surface was 67% of the total, and in below ground level was 33% of the total. The result of Pearson correlation showed a negative relationship between mangrove community structure and carbon stocks. This linear relationship shows the interplay between them. The low value of the mangrove community structure causes a low value in carbon stocks, and they were trying to balance in ecosystem. This is strengthening the hypothetic that the degradation occupied the mangrove forest and occurred for a long time. By looking at the ecological design which is explains their relationship, it is predicted that the Jakarta Bay will lose mangrove forest in the next around 40’s years, if the habitat condition remains the same as it is today.