Abstract
Colon cancer is still one of the most common causes of cancer in human and is characterized by lymphocyte infiltrates and originates from the epithelial cells found in the lining of colon or rectum of the gastrointestinal tract. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are composed of the multipotent stem cell group of stroma and can be differentiated as various cell lineages, such as fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and adipocytes. MSCs provide mechanical and structural support and have potential functions during tumor growth and metastasis. The efficacy of MSC-based therapies is partly dependent on the migration and homing of MSCs to tumors and metastatic sites. However, their migratory and engraftment potential is poorly understood. In this review, the characteristics and mechanisms of MSC's dynamic interaction with colon cancer were summarized, particularly the potential functions of MSCs on colon cancer, including its role in improving tumor growth and as a potential candidate for tumor therapy. Understanding MSC homing provides new insights into the manipulation of MSC and the improvement of their efficacy for colon cancer therapy.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in humans and is a cause of mortality in worldwide [1]
Colon cancer is characterized by lymphocyte infiltrates, and the majority of deaths due to CRC are caused by therapy refractory metastasis [4]
Cytokines secreted by inflammatory as well as tumor, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor (TGF), neurotrophic factor (NTF), FGFs, CCL2, and CXCL8 might play a role in the homing of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [55, 57]
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in humans and is a cause of mortality in worldwide [1]. The unique microenvironment of colon cancer is composed of many types of cells, such as fibroblasts, immune cells, and vascular cells [7] All these cells contribute to the survival and growth of the tumor. Fibroblasts in the stroma of various human carcinomas are the important type of cell resource considered to contribute cancer metastasis and growth, which can suppress the anti-tumor immune response [8,9,10]. Mounting evidence shows the suppression function of microenvironment in tumor growth in vitro, such as Hela cells (human cervical cancer line), HT29 cells (human intestinal epithelial cell line), SW480 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line), Lovo cells (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line), and HCT-116 cells (human colorectal carcinoma cell line) [17,18,19,20,21,22]. To further explore the role of MSCs in colon cancer development, in this study, the characteristics and mechanisms of MSC interaction with colon cancer were reviewed, with focus on the impact of MSCs on colon cancer and how MSCs act as vehicle for tumor treatment
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