Abstract
Plant cell walls define the shape of the cells and provide mechanical support. They function as osmoregulators by controlling the transport of molecules between cells and provide transport pathways within the plant. These diverse functions require a well-defined and flexible organization of cell wall components, i.e., water, polysaccharides, proteins, and other diverse substances. Cell walls of desiccation tolerant resurrection plants withstand extreme mechanical stress during complete dehydration and rehydration. Adaptation to the changing water status of the plant plays a crucial role during this process. This review summarizes the compositional and structural variations, signal transduction and changes of gene expression which occur in cell walls of resurrection plants during dehydration and rehydration.
Highlights
Plants as sessile organisms cope with environmental challenges by adopting a wide spectrum of strategies (Bartels and Salamini, 2001)
Changes in homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, rhamnogalacturonan-II, and hemicelluloses were investigated in leaves of C. plantagineum, C. wilmsii, and Lindernia brevidens during dehydration and rehydration to understand cell wall plasticity (Vicré et al, 1999; Jung et al, 2019)
Dehydration leads to a higher level of de-methylesterified pectin and an increase in the concentration of calcium in the cell wall of the resurrection species Craterostigma (Vicré et al, 1999; Vicré et al, 2004a; Jung et al, 2019), which is the basis for the “egg-box” formation and the pectin-wall-associated protein kinases (WAKs) association
Summary
Plants as sessile organisms cope with environmental challenges by adopting a wide spectrum of strategies (Bartels and Salamini, 2001). Changes in homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, rhamnogalacturonan-II, and hemicelluloses were investigated in leaves of C. plantagineum, C. wilmsii, and Lindernia brevidens during dehydration and rehydration to understand cell wall plasticity (Vicré et al, 1999; Jung et al, 2019). More xyloglucan points to an increase of interconnected cellulose fibrils and enhances cell wall rigidity (Moore et al, 1986; Fry, 1989; Park and Cosgrove, 2015) Xylan, another cellulose-linking cell wall component, is increased upon desiccation but motile and flexible cell wall components like b-1,4-galactan and a-1,5-arabinan do not change (Jung et al, 2019). Crosslinking of homogalacturonan via Ca2+ and rhamnogalacturonan-II via borate strengthens the cell wall (Kobayashi et al, 1996)
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