The dynamic interplay of root exudates and rhizosphere microbiome

Abstract

The rhizosphere microbiome plays a vital role in plant growth, health, and nutrient acquisition. One of the key factors that shape the composition and function of the rhizosphere microbiome is root exudates, the complex mixture of organic compounds released by plant roots. Root exudates serve as a source of energy and nutrients for the rhizosphere microbiome, as well as a means of communication between plants and microbes. The dynamic interplay between root exudates and rhizosphere microbiome is a complex and highly regulated process that involves multiple feedback loops and interactions. Recent studies have revealed that the composition and quantity of root exudates are modulated by a range of biotic and abiotic factors, including plant genotype, soil type, nutrient availability, and microbial community structure. In turn, the rhizosphere microbiome can influence the production and composition of root exudates, through processes such as nutrient cycling, plant hormone synthesis, and modulation of plant defense responses. Understanding the dynamics of root exudates and rhizosphere microbiomes is crucial for developing effective strategies for microbiome engineering, plant-microbe symbiosis, and sustainable agriculture. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the dynamic interplay between root exudates and rhizosphere microbiomes, highlighting the key factors and mechanisms that govern this complex relationship.