Abstract
The increase in the size of the scientific community created an explosion in scientific production. We have analyzed the dynamics of biomedical scientific output during 1957–2007 by applying a bibliometric analysis of the PubMed database using different keywords representing specific biomedical topics. With the assumption that increased scientific interest will result in increased scientific output, we compared the output of specific topics to that of all scientific output. This analysis resulted in three broad categories of topics; those that follow the general trend of all scientific output, those that show highly variable output, and attractive topics which are new and grow explosively. The analysis of the citation impact of the scientific output resulted in a typical longtail distribution: the majority of journals and articles are of very low impact. This distribution has remained unchanged since 1957, although the interests of scientists must have shifted in this period. We therefore analyzed the distribution of articles in top journals and lower impact journals over time for the attractive topics. Novelty is rewarded by publication in top journals. Over time more articles are published in low impact journals progressively creating the longtail distribution, signifying acceptance of the topic by the community. There can be a gap of years between novelty and acceptance. Within topics temporary novelty is created with new subtopics. In conclusion, the longtail distribution is the foundation of the scientific output of the scientific community and can be used to examine different aspects of science practice.
Highlights
Communication is essential to the practice of science
The distribution of scientific journals according to their impact creates a longtail distribution: only a small percentage has high impact, most journals are of very low impact, and it is this bulk of low impact journals that creates the longtail
Scientific novelty and acceptance by the scientific community To further investigate the biomedical scientific output we examined the distribution of the citation impact of the items in the PubMed database
Summary
Modern scientists have several communication channels at their disposal for the interaction with the scientific community; the most important one is the publication in the peer-reviewed scientific journal [1]. Peer review is the practice where a manuscript is scrutinized for its potential for publication by the journal editor, and sent out to a selected group of peers: fellow scientists with expertise knowledge in the area of the manuscript. The peers review the quality of the manuscript and based on their reviews the manuscript is rejected or accepted, often with modifications. It is generally seen as the best system available to guarantee that the work is conforming to the standards of scientific practice. Most biological and biomedical journals use the peer review system
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