Abstract
After the Dutch capitulation the German occupation authorities established themselves predominantly in The Hague and Amsterdam. The forced concentration of the Jews took place in Amsterdam. After the Dutch armed forces had capitulated within a few days, the shocked Dutch population showed two patterns of reaction. On the one hand they clung stronger than ever to existing social structures that offered a certainty amidst the prevailing confusion. After the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, which initially still had the character of a 'phoney war' on the western front, the air above Dutch territory was frequently violated by British and especially German military planes. The regions along the Dutch eastern border also experienced propaganda activities, both from Nazis and their opponents. Both the Dutch and the German governments complained about propaganda activities originating from the other country. Keywords: Dutch capitulation; German governments
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