Abstract
Abstract The dust temperature and mass of the supernova remnants (SNRs) in M31 are estimated by fitting the infrared spectral energy distribution calculated from the images in the Spitzer/IRAC4 and MIPS24, Herschel/PACS70, 100, and 160, and Herschel/SPIRE 250 and 350 μm bands. Twenty SNRs with relatively reliable photometry exhibit an average dust temperature of 20.1 − 1.5 + 1.8 K, which is higher than the surrounding and indicating the heating effect of supernova explosion. The dust mass of these SNRs ranges from about 100 to 800 M ⊙, much bigger than the SNRs in the Milky Way. On the other hand, this yields the dust surface density of 0.10 − 0.04 + 0.07 M ⊙ pc−2, about half of the surrounding area, which implies that about half dust in the SNRs is destroyed by the supernova explosion. The dust temperature, the radius, and thus the dust mass all demonstrate that the studied SNRs are old and very likely in the snowplow or even fade-away phase because of the limitation by the far distance and observation resolution of M31, and the results can serve as a reference to the final effect of supernova explosion on the surrounding dust.
Highlights
In this paper we estimate the extent to which dust swept up by old supernova remnants in M31 has been destroyed by the associated shocks
The dust temperature, the radius, and the dust mass all demonstrate that the studied SNRs are old and very likely in the snowplow or even fade away phase because of the limitation by the far distance and observation resolution of M31, and the results can serve as a reference to the final effect of supernova explosion on the surrounding dust
With the infrared images at 70, 100 and 160 μm by the Herschel Herschel Exploitation of Local Galaxy Andromeda project (HELGA) survey, and at the Spitzer/IRAC4 and MIPS24 μm, the photometry is performed to the supernova remnants in M31
Summary
In this paper we estimate the extent to which dust swept up by old supernova remnants in M31 has been destroyed by the associated shocks. The derived dust mass of SNRs is compared with the surrounding medium to discuss the amount of dust destroyed by the SN explosion. Sputtering is a process in which energetic particles knock atoms off the surface of the grain (Dwek et al 1996), more often in fast shocks with v >150 km/s. It results in a deficit of small grains in SNRs. Shattering is a kind of grain-grain collisions, dominant in slower shocks with 50 km/s< v ≤80 km/s (Jones et al 1994).
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