Abstract
There is need for a brief measure of religiosity that can be included in epidemiological surveys to examine relationships between religion and health outcomes. The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) is a five-item measure of religious involvement, and was developed for use in large cross-sectional and longitudinal observational studies. The instrument assesses the three major dimensions of religiosity that were identified during a consensus meeting sponsored by the National Institute on Aging. Those three dimensions are organizational religious activity, non-organizational religious activity, and intrinsic religiosity (or subjective religiosity). The DUREL measures each of these dimensions by a separate “subscale”, and correlations with health outcomes should be analyzed by subscale in separate models. The overall scale has high test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation = 0.91), high internal consistence (Cronbach’s alpha’s = 0.78–0.91), high convergent validity with other measures of religiosity (r’s = 0.71–0.86), and the factor structure of the DUREL has now been demonstrated and confirmed in separate samples by other independent investigative teams. The DUREL has been used in over 100 published studies conducted throughout the world and is available in 10 languages.
Highlights
BackgroundSpirituality and health is expanding rapidly. In 2001, we documented that nearly 1,200 studies had quantitatively examined some aspect of the religion-health relationship [1]
Research on religion, spirituality and health is expanding rapidly
Standardized betas from regression model unless otherwise specified p-values: ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001; Standardized betas from regression model unless otherwise specified; 2 Hazard ratio for speed of recovery from depression; 3 Hoge2 + Hoge6 + Hoge7 (3-item subscale used in Duke University Religion Index (DUREL))
Summary
Spirituality and health is expanding rapidly. In 2001, we documented that nearly 1,200 studies had quantitatively examined some aspect of the religion-health relationship [1]. 6 - More than once/week (2) How often do you spend time in private religious activities, such as prayer, meditation or Bible study? The following section contains 3 statements about religious belief or experience. The five-item scale assesses the three major dimensions of religious involvement identified at a National Institute on Aging and the Fetzer Institute conference (16–17 March 1995) on Methodological Approaches to the Study of Religion, Aging, and Health: organizational, nonorganizational, and intrinsic or subjective religiosity. (NORA) consists of religious activities performed in private, such as prayer, Scripture study, watching religious TV or listening to religious radio. The individual endeavors to internalize it and follow it fully It is in this sense that he lives his religion." [4]
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