Abstract
The Duality of Schizotypy: Is it Both Dimensional and Categorical?
Highlights
Schizotypy is the notion that schizophrenia-like features can form, in the absence of illness, a temperamental “type” or personality trait
Only a portion of phenotypic schizotypy is at genuine elevated risk, the “true” schizotype, the remainder is pseudophenotypic, superficially mimicking schizotypy but not possessing true genetic risk: Adrian Raine [5] termed the latter “pseudo-schizotypal.”
By contrast, there is the possibility of “genuine” schizotypy possessing a healthy or adaptive outcome [6]; a theme I reprise in my conclusions
Summary
Schizotypy is the notion that schizophrenia-like features can form, in the absence of illness, a temperamental “type” or personality trait. I divided the empirical literature into psychometric and experimental studies, and into those taking a categorical and dimensional approach (based on their statistical treatment). Treating schizotypy variables as continuous variables is perhaps sometimes preferred as statistical power in many analyses is likely to exceed dichotomized treatment This is especially the case if the latter takes seriously the taxonomic prediction of 10–15% of a general population sample (arguably a “median split” is the worst of all possible worlds). Evidence can be found (and is often rehearsed) for both categorical and dimensional positions – even from the same dataset In some ways, this apparent duality may parallel the famous “wave– particle” duality of quantum theory that suggests that both accounts can be “true” in different ways, and seeks to explain a diverse range of observations. I would like to suggest some important ways that both may have validity and research www.frontiersin.org
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