Abstract
Ventilation removing and spreading contaminants.A large number of people becoming sick due to the COVID -19 pandemic are infected in their homes. Therefore, the spread of infectious agents, when infectious and susceptible individuals are together in their homes, is an important issue. Usually, ventilation is regarded as a process of only diluting and removing contaminants, but it is also a mechanism for spreading contaminants. The latter issue is of major importance when there is a pandemic. An air distribution system must, therefore, be viewed from a wider perspective than is generally the case. There is a need for a shift of paradigm. The scope of this study is to introduce new concepts that will make it possible to analyze air distribution systems from such a wider perspective.
Highlights
The two main mechanisms for spreading infectious agents are room to room transfer and transfer within a room.Room to Room Transfer Through DoorwaysFigure 1 shows a visualization of the flow through a doorway with an open door
There is bidirectional flow consisting of a layer with warmer and lighter air floating above a layer of colder and heavier air
Transfer between rooms is dealt with in the study by Blomqvist (2009), and the imposed flow rate necessary to change from bidirectional flow to unidirectional flow is dealt with in the study by Blomqvist and Sandberg (1998)
Summary
The two main mechanisms for spreading infectious agents are room to room transfer and transfer within a room. The probability that the time until an infection occurs is less than or equal to t is FIGURE 1 | Bidirectional flow in a doorway caused by the room-to-room temperature difference. With ΔI equal to the number of new cases of infectors, the probability of becoming infected is the ratio between the number of new cases divided by the number of susceptible persons S in the room. The supply of clean air with a flow rate qV to a room with a contaminant generation rate m_ within a room delivers a dilution capacity m_ /qV. Flooding is notified as that air and contaminants return to the room It occurs when the flow within the room is larger than the evacuation capacity. Dilution of contaminants occurs, but at the same time, excess air is generated by which contaminants are forced to return to the room. This raises some novel questions about the possibility to generate a unidirectional flow and at what distance from the point of supply has the clean air been consumed and is no longer clean air?
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