Abstract
MAX phase compounds offer an attractive mixture of ceramic–metallic properties due to their covalent ionic–metallic nature. Since their discovery, a great interest was attributed to their synthesis and potential applications, but the processing of pure compounds as coatings for industrial large-scale application is still considered a challenge. To date, a limited number of papers have evaluated the build-up of MAX phase coating by cold spray (CS), a novel cost-effective and productive spray technology used in both areas of research and industry. Employing CS, the hot gas-propelled material particles have ballistic impingement on a substrate where they undergo plastic deformation. Because of the brittleness, internal delamination, and limited deformability, the deposition of the pure MAX phase is rather challenging. This paper presents the building-up ability of dense MAX-phase coatings by CS with retained structures and compositions, in close relation with the substrate characteristics and phase composition that influences the dual character ceramic–metallic behaviour. Besides recent literature, the originality of this research consists of pioneering deposition of Ti3AlC2 that emphasizes the ceramic–metallic character influenced by the particle speed and the mechanical properties of both substrate and compound.
Highlights
Original Results and Discussions on Ti3 AlC2 MAX Phase Coating Obtained by cold spray (CS)
For an easier comparison of the results reported up to date in the literature, Table 3 presents details of the experimental parameters used for the CS deposition of different
The EDS spectra reveal the presence of tin (Sn), which was probably introduced as a phase stabilizer in the
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. As thin films or coatings, the MAX phase compounds are applied as thermal barrier coatings, high-temperature electrical contacts, microelectronic substrates, radiation shielding for nuclear energy applications, oxidation, corrosion and erosion protection layers, in ballistic protection, magnetic shielding and optical materials, and bio-compatible material [7] All these studies underlined that reproducibility, quality and purity of the coatings are the critical factors for reliable industrial production. A balance between the high-velocity particles and low heat transfer onto a substrate is sufficient to produce thicker coatings [11] Through these syntheses, the obtained composition can be changed during the transfer from the targets to the substrate, due to partial oxidation of the material or evaporation of low melting temperature elements. From all the MAX phases, Ti3 AlC2 present a greater interest due to their use as a biosensor patch that can monitor carefully vital signs of children [25] and has been used in biomedical studies [26]
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