The downside of the family-organized mental illness advocacy movement.

Abstract

G mature, confident, the family advocate articulated from the podium, carefully and with strength: “The horror of mental illness . . . .” “Horror.” I felt as if a laser were searing me, shattering my sense of myself as a member of a caring family. “Horror.” What I heard was “the horror of your illness”—“horror . . . you.” “Horror . . . horror . . . horror.” The speaker was telling me what parents felt—“horror”—what my children wouldn’t tell me—“horror”—and what my sister feared. I felt an intruder. Afraid to speak, I tried to make myself outside as small as I felt inside—shamed, vulnerable, unwanted. I imagined shaking hands with the speaker, that family advocate. I imagined her wanting to wipe off the touch of my horror on her skirt. We were at the plenary assembly of a federally sponsored annual meeting reporting the results of innovative community mental health programs. I sat with 250 other invited guests at the Holiday Inn and listened as, again from the podium, another mother brandished “the tragedy of mental illness.” At the word “tragedy,” many in the audience sighed together in shared grief. Even though my own family was not like this, I pictured visiting my parents, reaching out for an embrace, and watching their hopelessness as they greeted their “tragedy.” I felt so dishonored. That was in the fall of 1993. Until that time I had been facilitating a local mood and melancholy support group. I had attended local mental health system improvement meetings and even a few national conferences. I had met friends and families who were caring and supportive. But I was new to national advocacy, and that meeting at the Holiday Inn was my introduction to the powerful, well-funded mental illness lobby of families whose mission is to make the family issues central, to reveal the family pain, to spare the family image. Later I learned how in 1979 families had organized to protect themselves from blame, how they had put forward a biological model of disease, and how they were now lobbying, with the pharmaceutical and medical industries, for research dollars to support the biohealth approach to managing behavior. Now, in 1998, I’ve served on boards and led more groups and gone to more conferences. Now I have seen how families’ relief at finding exoneration has become an ambition to medicate social disarray. I’ve felt their shunning since I started publicly to reformulate what I thought about my own 1987 experiences with the mental health system. The family advocacy I watch seems to focus on the family’s misery, the family’s despair, the family’s efforts and frustrations, the family’s engrossment with itself. Despite a convincing collection of serious diagnoses, hospitalizations, and treatments, we who get on with our lives and offer ourselves as examples of recovery are dismissed as not really ill, as exceptions, as misdiagnosed. Our experience is not valued. Instead, the idea of the loved one that is held on to is of someone who is terribly, terribly sick—without hope. To me, this perspective is an example of self-absorbed collateral family members intent on stilling the patient’s voice: the primary voice. By suppressing this voice with, if needed, handcuffs, restraints, sedation, or seclusion, family advocacy has had a chilling effect on the civil rights of individual loved ones. These violent interventions make me wonder what this loved voice might reveal if it were allowed to speak. But the voice is co-opted by family advocates who don’t consider the impact of their patronage on the loved ones, discounting the loved ones as unaware of what they need. Who is well served by this reproduction of stigmatizing, patronizing sympathy, these repeated images of disturbance? I know I am wounded by the advocates’ language. What I want from those who love me is not sympathy. I want my family members to welcome me, as me, just Ms. Caras, a disability rights advocate, is coordinator of electronic mailing lists for the Madness Group, an Internet service for users or former users of mental health services. Her address is 146-5 Chrystal Terrace, Santa Cruz, California 95060 (email, sylviac@netcom.com). The column editor is Jeffrey L. Geller, M.D., M.P.H. Personal Accounts