The Double Shadowed κ-µ Fading Model

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a new fading model which is capable of characterizing both the shadowing of the dominant component and composite shadowing which may exist in wireless channels. More precisely, this new model assumes a κ-µ envelope where the dominant component is fluctuated by a Nakagami-m random variable (RV) which is preceded (or succeeded) by a secondary round of shadowing brought about by an inverse Nakagami-m RV. We conveniently refer to this as the double shadowed κ-µ fading model. In this context, novel closed-form and analytical expressions are developed for a range of channel related statistics, such as the probability density function, cumulative distribution function, and moments. All of the derived expressions have been validated through Monte-Carlo simulations and reduction to a number of well-known special cases. It is worth highlighting that the proposed fading model offers remarkable flexibility as it includes the κ-µ, η-µ, Rician shadowed, double shadowed Rician, κ-µ shadowed, κ-µ/inverse gamma and η-µ/inverse gamma distributions as special cases.