Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the dose–response relationships of different dimensions of physical activity (intensity, time, frequency, capacity, and metabolic equivalent) with daily physical function (DPF) and cognitive function (CF) in Chinese adults with hypertension. Methods: The 6216 hypertensive patients included in this study were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which was conducted in 2015. Physical activity (PA) was divided into vigorous PA (VPA), moderate PA (MPA), and light PA (LPA). Linear regression models and binary logistic regression models were established to assess the associations with indicators. Results: Patients with VPA have a lower probability of impaired DPF; however, patients with VPA had lower CF scores. Patients with nearly all the aspects of MPA have lower rates of impaired DPF and higher CF scores (p < 0.05). Patients with LPA have a lower probability of impaired DPF and higher CF scores. In addition, patients with between 1800 and 2999 MET-minutes per week had the lowest rates of impaired DPF (OR = 0.10, 95% CI 0.02, 0.39) and the highest CF scores (β = 3.28, 95% CI 2.25, 4.31). Conclusions: This study found that patients with hypertension with moderate-intensity physical activity (nearly all aspects) and LPA had better DPF and CF. The best daily physical function and CF was with METs of 1800–2999 min per week. However, VPA should be recommended with caution in Chinese adults with hypertension.
Highlights
Published: 2 December 2021Hypertension has been a major health challenge nationally and even worldwide [1,2].As of 2015, there have been more than 1.1 billion people suffering from hypertension in the world, and China accounts for roughly one-fifth of them [3]
The hypertensive patients included in this study with a high frequency, high duration, and high volume of strenuous physical activity had a lower probability of impaired physical function, but poorer cognitive function (CF)
High intensity exercise has been shown to be associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications and lower compliance, which was not conducive to the development of CF in hypertensive patients [30]. This may explain why, in this study, we found that hypertensive patients with high levels of exercise had worse CF, and that, compared with patients who did not engage in strenuous physical activity, those with high blood pressure and Physical activity (PA) with a frequency of
Summary
Published: 2 December 2021Hypertension has been a major health challenge nationally and even worldwide [1,2].As of 2015, there have been more than 1.1 billion people suffering from hypertension in the world, and China accounts for roughly one-fifth of them [3]. Studies have reported that hypertension and the complications thereof negatively impact the physical and mental health of patients, leading to a heavy economic burden on families and on society, as well as consuming a large amount of medical and social resources [5]. Recent studies have shown that the increased degree of arterial stiffness in patients with hypertension leads to a decrease in the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus, which may cause memory impairment, cognitive impairments such as vascular dementia [6,7], as well as negative changes in the volume and function of the prefrontal lobe cortex and its lower regions. Long-term treatment of hypertension affects patients’ daily activity abilities [9,10], which is usually manifested as dysfunction of motility, cognition, and emotional expression [11].
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