The Dose-Response Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Asian Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Manman Han

doi:10.1155/2020/1032049

Abstract

The objective of this review was to provide a summary of the literature on the dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Asian populations, particularly men. The present study was recorded in PROSPERO as CRD 42019121073. We searched the PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for studies published in any language since the database inception to January 2019. Prospective cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for random-effects models and dose-response meta-analyses. In total, 8 prospective cohort studies were included. High alcohol intake was significantly associated with increased risk of T2D (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04–1.29; Q statistic p = 0.326) compared to the lowest category of alcohol intake. Nonlinear association was observed between alcohol consumption and T2D risk in men (p = 0.003). Dose-wise, consuming ≤57 g/day of alcohol was not associated with the risk of T2D in this study; however, alcohol intake >57 g/day was associated with increased risk of T2D in men. Overall, the association between alcohol consumption and T2D among Asian men was J-shaped. Lifestyle recommendations for prevention of T2D should include advice on limiting alcohol intake. This trial is registered with Prospero registration: CRD 42019121073.

Highlights

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications pose a major threat to global health and present challenges to patients, health-care systems, and national economies [1]
What is already known about this subject? Cohort studies have shown that moderate levels of alcohol consumption may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D); the findings remain inconclusive
What are the new findings? This is the first metaanalysis to evaluate the effect of alcohol consumption on the risk of T2D among Asian men

Summary

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications pose a major threat to global health and present challenges to patients, health-care systems, and national economies [1]. The prevalence of T2D has dramatically increased in low- and middle-income countries, especially in Asia [2, 3]. On the number of cases of diabetes among Asian countries, China has ranked number one, with 114.4 million people of diabetes [2]. Diabetes and its complications tend to develop at a younger age among Asian populations than among Caucasian populations, leading to increased risk of premature diabetes-related deaths [4]. The reasons for the spike in T2D incidence are multiple, with genetic and environmental components suspected to play a major role. While genetics might play a role in determining an individual’s response to environmental changes, the root causes of the T2D epidemic among Asian populations are likely to be diet, lifestyle, and body mass index increase (BMI) [5]. Previous studies have shown that lifestyle interventions, such as eating a healthy diet and exercising daily for at least 30 min, reduce the risk for T2D [6]

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Conclusion