Abstract
PURPOSE: Increased incidences of cardiovascular disorder and metabolic syndrome particularly in postmenopausal women have raised curiosity for the underlying factors. One potential mechanism by which endothelial dysfunction may promote early arterial stiffness is by causing estrogen deficiency. It is reported that physical exercise counteracts the occurrence of above disorders, while a few others show no change. The training response differs among individuals partly due to genetic composition. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (D/I) polymorphism related to physical performance in athletes has been well-reported. The present study was to observe the effects of 12 weeks exercise (aerobic exercise and resistance training) on endothelial function in postmenopausal women with different D/I polymorphism of ACE gene. METHODS: 122 postmenopausal women aged 45-75 years were randomly divided into aerobic exercise group (DI/II=65, DD=6) and resistance training group (DI/II=42, DD=9). Body composition, TC, HDL, LDL, endothelial function, endothelium-derived relaxing factor and contracting factor were analyzed. RESULTS: TC, blood lipid abnormality rate, blood glucose and visceral fat in DI/II type were decreased more significantly after aerobic exercise compared with DD type. Aerobic exercise showed markedly positive effects in LDL, hyperglycemia, overweight/obesity, high body fat rate, abnormal waist-hip ratio and visceral fat in DI/II, while resistance training in LDL, blood glucose (5.34±0.73 vs 4.46±0.34mmol/l, P<0.01), waist-hip ratio and visceral fat (96.60±13.84 vs 61.33±8.65cm2, P<0.05) in DD type. Aerobic exercise showed more obviously increased FMD (9.65±1.85 vs 11.00±1.99%, P<0.05), NO (68.31±4.67 vs 76.38±4.01umol/l, P<0.05), NO/ET-1 (0.91±0.11 vs 1.04±0.11, P<0.05) and decreased SBP (123.84±15.98 vs 109.89±13.56mmHg, P<0.05), DBP in DI/II than in DD type. Resistance training increased FMD (7.12±0.70 vs 9.56±0.78%, P<0.05), NO/ET-1 and decreased SBP, DBP, baPWV, ET-1, AngII more significantly in DD type than in DI/II type. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise positively influences endothelial functions, independent of ACE D/I polymorphism; and DI/II carriers show a better response to aerobic exercise, while DD carriers to resistance exercise.
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