Abstract
Seeds accumulate iron during embryo maturation stages of embryogenesis. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as model plant, it has been described that mature embryos accumulate iron within a specific cell layer, the endodermis. This distribution pattern was conserved in most of the analyzed members from Brassicales, with the exception of the basal Vasconcellea pubescens that also showed elevated amounts of iron in cortex cells. To determine whether the V. pubescens iron distribution was indicative of a wider pattern in non-Brassicales Eudicotyledoneae, we studied iron distribution pattern in different embryos belonging to plant species from different Orders from Eudicotyledoneae and one basal from Magnoliidae. The results obtained indicate that iron distribution in A. thaliana embryo is an extreme case of apomorphic character found in Brassicales, not-extensive to the rest of Eudicotyledoneae.
Highlights
Increased iron content in seeds is an important agronomic trait
Our results show that the iron distribution pattern in the Arabidopsis embryo is not extended to all Eudicotyledoneae, it rather seems to be a derived character only observed in the Brassicaceae family
We found that Caryophyllales has a distinct iron distribution pattern and that iron loading during Chenopodium quinoa seed development is different than what we had previously observed in Brassicaceae (Ibeas et al, 2017), suggesting there might be different strategies for the storage of iron in these seeds
Summary
Increased iron content in seeds is an important agronomic trait This is due to the relevance of this element in seed production (Marschner, 2005; Roschzttardtz et al, 2011), embryo development, and seedling germination and growth (Lanquar et al, 2005; Kim et al, 2006), as well as in human nutrition (Murgia et al, 2012). In spite of this essential role, the prevalent low iron bioavailability in the soil of most of the main agricultural areas of the world, limits plant productivity, fertility, and even germination rates (Guerinot and Yi, 1994). It has been estimated that approximately 50% of the seed iron content
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