Abstract
Disturbance maintains the limited diversity of tree species in Swedish boreal forest by creating suitable conditions for the regeneration of light-demanding species such as Pinus sylvestris. Disturbance by fire, storm and other agencies has been frequent at the north-western margin of the boreal forest, and is the controlling factor in tree dynamics, species composition and age structure. Human manipulation of the grazing and fire regime has imposed a high frequency of disturbance on much of the southern boreal forest. Fire was the stand-level disturbing agency that assisted the transition from deciduous forest to boreal forest at two study sites. Disturbance catalysed a change in forest composition that was primarily driven by climatic change.
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