The Distribution of Surface Karst Features in the Bakony Region (Transdanubian Mountains, Hungary)

Abstract

The surface karst of the Bakony Region is described. VES measurements were applied to study the cover and the morphology of the bedrock. A karstmorphological mapping was also performed. A relation was established between the karst types and block types in the mountains. The karstification of the mountains was affected by the block structure of the mountains, the mounds of the uneven bedrock, the presence of superficial deposits and their young denudation. As a result of the above mentioned facts, the karst of the mountains is varied. Soil-covered karst is widespread in the mountains, but the specific features of this type (solution dolines) only occur on threshold surfaces at the margin of the mountains and on dolomite. The concealed karst was mainly formed on horsts elevated to summit position, but it can also be found on threshold surfaces and on horsts in summit position. Its features are subsidence dolines and depressions of superficial deposit. Cryptokarst and buried karst can be created by gravelly cover or basalt. Where the cover is gravel, epigenetic valleys develop with opened-up phreatic cavities. Where the cover is basalt, ponors develop at its margin, while inside, where the basalt thins out, caprock dolines are formed.