Abstract
BackgroundThe Prevalence of myopia is increasing in China. This study aimed to explore the distribution of spherical equivalent (SE) and its association with age, body mass index (BMI), gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6 to 12 years.MethodsA total of 6362 students were recruited for ophthalmological investigation. Demographic and myopia related behavioral information was collected. SE value was measured by the Topcon RM-8900 or KR-800autorefractors. Potential independent risk factors were determined with Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) by logistic regression analysis. We further constructed the nomogram model to predict future onset of myopia.ResultsAmong the study population, 3900 (61.3%) were non-myopic. The prevalence of myopia is 38.0% for boys and 39.5% for girls. The average SE values were 0.50 ± 0.70 D for boys and 0.60 ± 0.80 D for girls. The mean SE values decreased with age, and the value of height and BMI took on a stable trend. Threshold values for myopia varied across age groups and gender. Paternal myopia (OR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.01–1.48), near-work activities on weekends (2.56, 1.17–5.61), and outdoor activities (0.68, 0.54–0.86) were associated with potential myopic in students.ConclusionA series of age-gender based SE threshold values were established to predict myopia in Chinese children aged 6 to 12 years. High risk factors for myopia included paternal myopia, near-work activities on weekends, and outdoor activities. Countermeasures are encouraged to reverse the increasing trend of myopia in children.
Highlights
The Prevalence of myopia is increasing in China
The mean spherical equivalent (SE) decreased with age in children, and the value of height and body mass index (BMI) took on a stable trend. (Table 1) among 6362 students we found that myopic boys or girls had higher values of BMI or height than these of non-myopic boys or girls (P
Alert values for non-myopic students according to percentiles of BMI and SE The supplement Table 2 showed age-BMI-specific spherical equivalent values of 5th, 10th, 25th,50th,75th, 90th and 95th for both sexes
Summary
The Prevalence of myopia is increasing in China. This study aimed to explore the distribution of spherical equivalent (SE) and its association with age, body mass index (BMI), gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6 to 12 years. In China, a great increase was seen in the young generation, indicating the importance of prediction of early-onset myopia among juveniles [1,2,3] When it comes to the intervention of myopia, people often pay more attention to treatment such as optical or pharmaceutical methods to slow down eye growth, and retard the progression of myopia [4]. In Beijing three-year follow-up eye study, researchers found that children aged 6 to 7 years showed a significant SE decrease, AL increase, CCT thickening, ACD deepen, LT thinning, and AL/CR increase. These findings may be an early warning signal of myopia development [7]. It is essential to predict the myopia onset based on factors such as sex, age, BMI, and SE
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