Abstract
The freshwater bivalve Microcondylaea bonellii is classified as Vulnerable according to the last IUCN Red List assessment and also listed in Annex V of the Habitats Directive. According to more than one hundred years old data, the species was present in Slovenia in a restricted section of the Vipava River and its tributary the Lijak Stream, which is also the species’ type location. We surveyed all previously known as well as new potential localities for M. bonellii. Live mussels were found only in the lower part of the Vipava River, but not in the Lijak Stream. Nevertheless, the population in Slovenia is isolated from other populations and restricted only to 16 km of the Vipava River. Unfortunately, key sections of the Vipava River have been subjected to habitat destruction in the past and are threatened by ongoing engineering works and developments. Thus the legislation should be taken into strict consideration immediately if we want to preserve this protected species and its habitat.
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