Abstract
Geodetic deformation analysis is usually based on conventional stochastic assumptions and Least-Squares (LS)- estimation. In this case direction and length of the received residual position error vectors (RPEV) are random variables with known distribution. Therefore these quantities can be used to establish a statistical test of the model assumptions. Because of the sensitivity of the LS-estimation to local violations of the assumptions, estimation methods, more robust in this respect should be considered, as for example Maximum-Likelihood-type estimators (M-estimators). Since these M-estimators are non-linear, a straightforward derivation of the distribution of direction and length of RPEVs is not possible.
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