Abstract
Despite the achieved success in the fight against tuberculosis, the disease remains an immediate problem for a number of countries including Russia. To a large extent, the reasons for the high incidence and mortality of the population are not only medical but also social in nature, which leads to the emergence of geographical patterns in the spread of the disease. The purpose of the study is to identify the spatio-temporal conditions that shape the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in Russia at both the national and regional levels. Using GIS technologies, an analysis of the current spread of the infection in the Russian Federation was carried out based on data for the period from 2006 through 2017. Typological classification of regions according to the dynamics and magnitude of the incidence rate has been developed. Based on the cartographic analysis that was carried out, regions with the most unfavorable tuberculosis situation in the Russian Federation were identified for a more detailed study at the municipal level.
Highlights
Tuberculosis is one of the most pressing and challenging health issues in the world as well as a sociomedical problem for many countries
The purpose of this study is to identify the spatiotemporal features of the current epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in the Russian Federation in order to develop targeted preventive measures in the fight against the most lethal global infectious organism (World Health Organization 2020)
An analysis of the current spread of tuberculosis in the Russian Federation was carried out using GIS technologies and epidemic data for the period from 2006 through 2017
Summary
Tuberculosis is one of the most pressing and challenging health issues in the world as well as a sociomedical problem for many countries. Tuberculosis affects 1/3 of the world population (Shelkova, Romanenko 2013). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 7.1 million people were diagnosed with TB for the first time in 2019 and up to 7.0 million – in 2018, which is a large increase from 6.4 million in 2017 and 5.7–5.8 million annually in the period 2009–2012 (Global tuberculosis report 2020). People are generally susceptible to tuberculosis, as only 1–3% of people have a genetically determined resistance to the pathogen (Shelkova, Romanenko 2013). The goal set by the World Health Organization for the world community is to constantly reduce mortality and incidence among the population. A significant number of recent studies have been devoted to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of tuberculosis including latent forms, as well as the study of the body’s reactions to the pathogen (Berry et al 2013; Alsultan, Peloquin 2014; Lee et al 2015; Lyon, Rossman 2017; Manina et al 2017)
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