The Distribution and Drug Resistance Characteristics of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureous to be Public and Animal Health Burdon in Ethiopia: Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance to specific antibacterial drugs in bacteria have led many drugs of choice ineffective against pathogens. Methecillin resistant S.aureus (MRSA) is one of the pathogens, which looses sensitivity to Methicillin. Methicillin has been considered as the drug of choice of choice to treat infections caused by β-lactams and other antibiotics resistant S. aureus. Objectives: The objectives of the current study were to analyse the prevalence of MRSA in S. aureus isolates from different sources of samples and to assess the risk factors associated with the prevalence. The multidrug resistance pattern of the pathogen was also one of the outcome of interest of the review. Methods: The original research articles were collected from PubMed and PMC databases from 12th to 14th December 2021. The English language articles conducting on MRSA prevalence in Ethiopia were included in the analysis. Relevant data were extracted, coded and displayed on Excel spreadsheet. The pooled prevalence of MRSA was determined per S. aureus isolates. The analysis were made by using R statistical software at 95% CI. Result: 79 research eligible articles were selected for the meta-analysis. 26930 samples were collected from different sampled materials. Of these 4219 (15.65%) were S. aureus positive of which 1695 were found MRSA strains. The overall pooled prevalence of MRASA in S. aureus was found to be 40%. The pooled prevalence of MRSA in human, animal, food and environment was 38%,15%,77%,and 54% respectively. The strain was determined significantly highest in food and environment than in animal and human samples (p<0.05). The subgroup analysis based on the health status of the individual in samples of human indicated that MRSA was significantly prevalent in patients than in health individuals (p<0.05). The assessment of MDR pattern of MRSA revealed that it was highly resistant to cefuroxime (100%), Tobramycin (100%), Neomycin (99%) and Penicillin (92%), Pipracilin (91%), Erythromycin (88%), Bacitracin(84%) and Amoxacilin-clavulanicacid (80%). In contrast Clindamycin, chloramphenicol, Amikacin, vancomycin, Knamycin and Ceftriaxone with pooled resistance rates of 21%, 22%, 27% , 20%, 25% and 30% respectively were antibiotic of relatively better effective.