Abstract

-This paper presents the results of research conducted from 1974 to 1976 to examine the distribution of Lesser Flamingos (Phoeniconaias minor) on the lakes of the East African Rift Valley. I used aerial photographic censuses to collect data on flamingo distribution, and I also collected data on the availability of the 2 primary food resources: the planktonic blue-green algae Spirulina, and benthic diatoms. Two distinct patterns of population distribution were observed, clumped and dispersed. The clumped distribution occurred when a high density bloom of Spirulina was available at 1 or more of the larger lakes. Productivity models showed that the carrying capacity of Spirulina when present at 1 of these larger lakes was sufficient to support more than the entire population of Lesser Flamingos at 1 site. However, the standing crop density of Spirulina could fluctuate significantly over short time periods. When Spirulina density fell below a certain threshold, Lesser Flamingos could not obtain enough food to meet their energy requirements. Spirulina blooms were not widely available, however, and Lesser Flamingos were forced to change their diet to benthic diatoms when none of the larger lakes supported a high standing crop density of Spirulina. The productivity of diatoms was 1-2 orders of magnitude less than Spirulina, but it was a resource that was much more predictable and widely available. As a result, the flamingo population became much more dispersed when it was dependent on benthic diatoms, because no single lake could support a high proportion of the population. LA DISTRIBUCION Y DENSIDAD DE FLAMENCOS MENORES EN EL ESTE DE AFRICA EN RELACION A LA DISPONIBILIDAD DE ALIMENTO Y LA PRODUCTIVIDAD Resumen.-Este trabajo presenta los resultados de investigaciones realizadas desde 1974 hasta 1976, que examinaron la distribuci6n de flamencos menores (Phoeniconaias minor) en las lagunas del valle de Rift del este de Africa. Utilic6 fotograffas a6reas de censos para obtener datos sobre la distribuci6n de flamencos y tambi6n colect6 datos sobre la disponibilidad de los 2 recursos alimenticios principales: el alga verdeazul Spirulina, y las diatomeas bent6nicas. Se observaron dos patrones distintos de distribuci6n poblacional en los flamencos, agrupado y disperso. La distribuci6n agrupada ocurri6 cuando se producia un aflormiento de alta densidad de Spirulina en una o mis de las lagunas mayores. Los modelos de productividad demostraron que la capacidad de carga de las lagunas mayores para Spirulina era sufiente como para mantener mis de la poblacion total de flamencos menores en un sitio. Sin embargo, la densidad de Spirulina puede fluctuar de manera significativa sobre periodos cortos de tiempo. Cuando la densidad de Spirulina lleg6 por debajo de un umbral, los flamencos menores no pudieron obtener suficiente alimento como para satisfacer sus requerimientos energeticos. Los afloramientos de Spirulina no eran ampliamente disponibles y cuando ninguna de las lagunas mayores mantenia una alta densidad aprovechable, los flamencos se vieron forzados a cambiar su dieta a diatomeas bent6nicas. La productividad de diatomeas fue 1-2 6rdenes de magnitud menor que la de Spirulina pero fue un recurso mucho mais predecible y ampliamente disponible. Como resultado, cuando la poblaci6n de flamencos dependifa de diatomeas bent6nicas, era mucho mis dispersa ya que ninguna laguna s61a podia mantener una proporci6n alta de la poblaci6n.

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