Abstract
The overall process of dispersion of rutile powder in aqueous solutions is considered in terms of three stages. The first involves wetting of the surfaces, both external and internal (between the particles forming the agglomerates), and the second the breaking up of aggregates and agglomerates into smaller units which may require considerable energy. The third stage is that associated with the coagulation of the dispersed particles. These stages are quite distinct in principle but in practice may overlap. The effectiveness of the whole dispersion process for pure rutile in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate and dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide has been assessed by measurements of optical density following various periods of agitation, and these measurements are compared with measurements of contact angle and of the stability and electrophoretic mobility of dispersions prepared by ultrasonic irradiation. The results are considered in terms of wetting and of resistance to coagulation as predicted by the Deryaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory of colloid stability. The part played in the overall process by each of the three stages is clearly indicated and good agreement is found with theoretical predictions.
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