Abstract
Infertility is one of the most common reproductive system diseases, and no effective method is available for its treatment. Although in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been widely used to enhance the clinical pregnancy outcome of infertility, the unsatisfied pregnancy rate with unknown reasons is obtained. To identify the possible cause of IVF failure, 555 patients were enrolled in the present study to determine their relevant clinical characteristics and vaginal microbiota. Our results indicated that the age and endometrium thickness significantly affected the pregnancy success rate of pregnant patients (P group) and non-pregnant patients (NP group) receiving IVF, and high values of luteinizing hormone, estrogen and progesterone were observed from P group. Furthermore, the Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) indicated a different microbial composition in P group and NP group, and a higher microbial abundance had been identified in non-pregnant patients compared with pregnant patients. At phylum level, a higher abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and a lower abundance of Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were obtained in pregnant patients compared with non-pregnant patients. At genus level, a lower abundance of the probiotic Lactobacillus, and higher abundance of pathogens Gardnerella and Prevotella were identified from non-pregnant patients. Therefore, the disordered microbiota, characterizing by the reduction of probiotics and overgrowth of pathogens in non-pregnant patients, may be used as a potential indicator for a higher IVF failure rate.
Highlights
Infertility belongs to one of the reproductive system diseases, which is defined as having not reached at a clinical pregnancy for 12 months or more of unprotected sexual intercourse by the World Health Organization (WHO) [1]
In order to ensure the homogeneity of the experimental data, the In vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment of the infertility patients enrolled in this experiment are all used in frozen embryo transfer
238 patients were divided into pregnancy group (P) and 237 patients were divided into none pregnancy group (NP)
Summary
Infertility belongs to one of the reproductive system diseases, which is defined as having not reached at a clinical pregnancy for 12 months or more of unprotected sexual intercourse by the World Health Organization (WHO) [1]. The outcome of IVF can be influenced by physical and physiological factors, on one hand, physical factors such as uterine contraction makes the embryo escape from the uterus [5]; on the other hand, physiological factors such as age of the female patient, the age of infertility, the quality of the transplanted embryo, secretion of related hormones can seriously affect the pregnancy rate [6, 7]. The rate of embryo transfer has achieved a satisfactory clinical pregnancy outcome by increasing the number of obtained eggs, the rate of fertilization and cleavage [9], while the clinical pregnancy rate is still about 30–40% [10]. It is a hot spot to increase the clinical pregnancy rate of IVF in the field of reproductive medicine
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