Abstract

The associahedron is an object that has been well studied and has numerous applications, particularly in the theory of operads, the study of non-crossing partitions, lattice theory and more recently in the study of cluster algebras. We approach the associahedron from the point of view of discrete homotopy theory, that is we consider 5-cycles in the 1-skeleton of the associahedron to be combinatorial holes, but 4-cycles to be contractible. We give a simple description of the equivalence classes of 5-cycles in the 1-skeleton and then identify a set of 5-cycles from which we may produce all other cycles. This set of 5-cycle equivalence classes turns out to be the generating set for the abelianization of the discrete fundamental group of the associahedron. In this paper we provide presentations for the discrete fundamental group and the abelianization of the discrete fundamental group. We also discuss applications to cluster algebras as well as generalizations to type B and D associahedra. \par L'associahèdre est un objet bien etudié que l'on retrouve dans plusieurs contextes. Par exemple, il est associé à la théorie des opérades, à l'étude des partitions non-croisées, à la théorie des treillis et plus récemment aux algèbres dámas. Nous étudions cet objet par le biais de la théorie des homotopies discretes. En bref cette théorie signifie qu'un cycle de longueur 5 (sur le squelette de l'associahèdre) est considéré comme étant le bord d'un trou combinatoire, alors qu'un cycle de longueur 4 peut être contracté sans problème. Les classes d'homotopies discrètes sont donc des classes d'équivalence de cycles de longueurs 5. Nous donnons une description simple de ces classes d'équivalence et identifions un ensemble de générateurs du groupe correspondant (abélien) d'homotopies discrètes. Nous d'ecrivons également les liens entre notre construction et les algèbres d'amas.

Highlights

  • Let Tn be the abstract simplicial complex on the set of all diagonals of a regular (n + 3)-gon whose maximal simplices, Ti, correspond to triangulations of the regular (n + 3)-gon

  • It is our intention to study the associahedron through the lens of the discrete homotopy theory, or A-theory, of Barcelo, Kramer, Laubenbacher and Weaver [1, 2]

  • We may think of An1−2(Tn, T0) as being the group of equivalence classes of closed based walks in Γn−2(Tn) with the obvious operation of concatenation and the identity and inverses just as in the previous description of An1−2(Tn, T0) in terms of loops. It is well known [14] that the graph Γn−2(Tn) is the 1-skeleton of the associahedron, hereafter referred to as Ascn to reinforce the connection between Tn and the associahedron in the mind of the reader

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Summary

Introduction

Let Tn be the abstract simplicial complex on the set of all diagonals of a regular (n + 3)-gon whose maximal simplices, Ti, correspond to triangulations of the regular (n + 3)-gon. We may think of An1−2(Tn, T0) as being the group of equivalence classes of closed based walks in Γn−2(Tn) with the obvious operation of concatenation and the identity and inverses just as in the previous description of An1−2(Tn, T0) in terms of loops It is well known [14] that the graph Γn−2(Tn) is the 1-skeleton of the associahedron, hereafter referred to as Ascn to reinforce the connection between Tn and the associahedron in the mind of the reader. Due to space considerations we have omitted some details of proofs and background, all of the material here appears in full detail in the first author’s PhD thesis ([13])

Properties of Ascn
Applications and Future Directions
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