Abstract
Münster, the first to discover the effects of a luminance disparity on perceived depth, described two: (1) The apparent displacement in depth of one of a pair of objects relative to the other when viewed with a luminance disparity, and (2) The apparent overall displacement of objects viewed with a luminance disparity away from the observer. The first, which is the Venetian blind effect, was ascribed to irradiation. Current evidence suggests that irradiation fails to account for the effect, implying that neural mechanisms are involved. The second was thought to be related to the perceived distance of a monocularly viewed stimulus embedded in a dichoptically viewed stimulus. However, the measured effect was probably due to aniseikonia. Münster offered a compelling and seemingly complete account of the Venetian blind effect using irradiation theory. Münster’s irradiation theory effectively inhibited further research by relegating the perceived depth displacement to largely non-neural mechanisms. It is now becoming clear that Münster’s measurement of the Venetian blind effect represents the discovery of one of several mechanisms supporting stereopsis, though he and many others failed to recognize that discovery at the time.
Highlights
Introduction toMunster (1941)Munster (1941) is the first paper describing, and explaining, what has become known as the Venetian blind effect, a term first coined by Cibis and Haber (1951)
Munster’s (1941) compelling and seemingly complete account of the effect using irradiation would seem to have had a devastating effect on continuing work in this area
Even after the optics of the eye had been mathematically characterized by the early 60s, only one paper, von Bekesy (1970), approached irradiation and the Venetian blind effect quantitatively for nearly 50 years
Summary
Introduction toMunster (1941)Munster (1941) is the first paper describing, and explaining, what has become known as the Venetian blind effect, a term first coined by Cibis and Haber (1951). If the rectangles are viewed with a neutral density filter in front of just one eye, thereby creating an interocular intensity disparity, the rectangles’ inner edges will appear to be in different depth planes. An interocular difference in brightness can be artificially produced by interposing a filter between one eye and its object or by varying the luminance of the presented images. It can result from a disparity in the sensitivity of the eyes. Black 150 14 asb White 50 11 asb White 7 asb Object 2 l À1500 À32 À43 À38 r À1800 À8 À32 À37 b
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