The disappearance of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza viruses in children during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic - are non-pharmaceutical interventions as effective as vaccines?

Abstract

Respiratory viral diseases are common in children. A viral diagnostic test is necessary, because COVID-19 shows signs and symptoms similar to those of common respiratory viruses. The article aims at analyzing the presence of respiratory viruses that were common before the pandemic in children who were tested for suspected COVID-19, and is also concerned with how common respiratory viruses were impacted by COVID-19 measures during the second year of pandemic. Nasopharyngeal swabs were examined to detect the presence of respiratory viruses. The respiratory panel kit included SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B, rhinovirus/enterovirus, parainfluenza 1, 2, 3 and 4, coronaviruses NL 63, 229E, OC43, and HKU1, human metapneumovirus A/B, human bocavirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A/B, human parechovirus, and adenovirus. Virus scans were compared during and after the restricted period. No virus was isolated from the 86 patients. SARS-CoV-2 was the most frequently observed virus, as expected, and rhinovirus was the second, and coronavirus OC43 was the third. Influenza viruses and RSV were not detected in the scans. Influenza and RSV viruses disappeared during the pandemic period and rhinovirus was the second most common virus after the CoVs during and after the restriction period. Non-pharmaceutical interventions should be established as a precaution to prevent infectious diseases even after the pandemic.