Abstract
The task of the work is to improve the quality of preparation of the rock mass for excavation. Explosive destruction of the rock is based on several theories developed by well-known scientists. The improvement of quality of preparation of rock mass to excavation without an increase in the value of specific consumption of explosives is important in the present time. The analysis of scientific works and industrial results of explosive preparation of the overburden removal is made. It is established that depending on the angle of the explosive charges meeting with the rock layers, the quality of its crushing changes. Modern drilling machines can drill at any angle. It is proposed to drill wells perpendicular to the rock layers. The proposal differs in originality from the previously known principles of charge placement of explosives in wells. This method of charge placement has a positive effect in sedimentary rocks in coal mines. The results of industrial explosions in coal mines have confirmed the theoretical reasoning.
Highlights
Mining and geological conditions in the Kuznetsk coal basin are diverse and complex
Overburden rocks of coal deposits of Kuzbass are represented by sandstones, siltstones and mudstones
According to the degree of explosion, overburden rocks are divided into three categories: highly explosive rocks, medium explosive rocks and hard-to-break rocks
Summary
Mining and geological conditions in the Kuznetsk coal basin are diverse and complex. The layers are deposited in the form of the set of rocks from the gentle to the steep drop. Overburden rocks of coal deposits of Kuzbass are represented by sandstones, siltstones and mudstones. The structure of rock masses, sometimes even within the same blasting block changes from small-block structure (with dimensions of natural separateness of 200-400 mm) to large-block structure (with sizes 3000-5000 mm). According to the degree of explosion, overburden rocks are divided into three categories: highly explosive rocks, medium explosive rocks and hard-to-break rocks. The strong crushing of rocks, of large-block-grained structure in the existing technology is not enough to ensure productive operation of mining and transport equipment
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