Abstract
Organizations are dynamic entities, such that they are constantly developing and changing. As such, these entities require leadership capable of managing transformations. Transformational leadership is an effective leadership model that focuses on adapting to existing environmental circumstances whether through internal information, human and monetary resources, or different external variables. This study aims to highlight the characteristics of transformational leadership and their effects on the public universities in Saudi particularly, this study enlightens the urgent need to test the behavioral intentions in the public universities in Saudi Arabia. To achieve this goal, many major databases were used. The period of the study was set from 2011 to 2020 as the topic of the study is the current transformational leadership within the public universities in Saudi Arabia. There was a total of 47,400,000 studies on transformational leadership on Google, however, only 22 studies were reviewed which were entirely conducted in Saudi Arabian Universities. The results demonstrated that in the public universities in Saudi, transformational leadership is practiced across four dimensions: ideal effect, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration. The documentary research approach was used to review the most recent aspects of administrative literature on the theory of transformational leadership and its organizational outcomes. In addition, NVIVO 11 was used to make a thematic analysis of the linkages between transformational leadership and organizational outcomes: organizational commitment, knowledge management practices, morale, employee empowerment, level of job satisfaction, administrative creativity, organizational citizenship behavior, and the level of transformation toward quality and job enrichment. Therefore, behavioral tendencies such as organizational commitment, empowerment, job satisfaction, and knowledge management practices have been studied more interestingly and critically. Furthermore, these behavioral aspects need to be explored more in public universities in Saudi Arabia.
Highlights
Organizational success and the effectiveness in achieving goals based on a clear mission and vision usually correspond to leadership approaches that target raising service levels, the introduction of modern organizational development trends, and adaptation to internal and external environments
The results indicated that idealized influence, inspirational motivation, and intellectual stimulation are more effective in enhancing job satisfaction for the followers at the upper management levels rather than the middle management levels
Using Likert Scale and Mean Score of Response Rate (Likert Scale) The arithmetic means and SD were calculated to measure the degree of response of the sample individuals, as well as to gauge their opinions on the paragraphs of transformational leadership dimensions featured in the questionnaires of the studies that were applied to Saudi Arabian universities
Summary
Organizational success and the effectiveness in achieving goals based on a clear mission and vision usually correspond to leadership approaches that target raising service levels, the introduction of modern organizational development trends, and adaptation to internal and external environments. Transformational leadership involves factors, characteristics, and tasks that enable leaders to face current and future challenges and effectively manage the organizational changes resulting from continuous external changes. The researcher reviewed the articles which were done within the universities in Saudi Arabia. The number of research studies on Google was 47,400,000 which were conducted globally, this case was completely conducted with Saudi Arabian universities so, only 22 studies, purely based on transformational leadership and its possible outcomes, were selected for the systematic review
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