Abstract
ABSTRACT Research focused on identify abiotic stress-tolerant genotypes is highly desirable since their use may reduce costs of soil and crop management and productivity losses. The aim of this study was to determine the behavior of 24 sugarcane genotypes under high levels of Al3+ and Mn2+ associated with low availability of mineral nutrients. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse condition in a 24 × 2 factorial scheme (24 genotypes × 2 treatments: with and without stress), and four replications in completely randomized design. In the treatment without stress plants were grown in a complete nutrient solution whereas in the treatment with stress a nutrient solution with a high acidity (4.0 ± 0.1) and 5% of its original concentration, as well as a high concentration of aluminum (60 mg L-1) and manganese (700 mg L-1) was used. The genotypes RB966928, RB855443, IACSP96-3060, SP81-3250, RB867515, CTC 21, RB965902, and IAC91-1099 had their biometric characteristics less affected by the stress, possibly due to the ability to continue the process of cell division and elongation and to maintain meristematic viable regions, hence they were considered as the most tolerant. On the other hand, the genotypes RB965917, CTC 15, CTC17, RB855536, CTC 2, CTC 20, and CTC99-1906 were the most sensitive to stress. Root system was the most affected by stress, with most genotypes showing more than 70% reduction in root biomass. No relationship was observed between tolerance level of genotypes and the maturation cycles.
Highlights
Due to the growing demand from domestic and foreign markets for renewable fuels, sugar, and bioenergy, sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) has become increasingly important in the Brazilian scenario (Unica, 2017)
The hydroponic alternative system used in this study provided similar results (P > 0.05) to those observed for the traditional hydroponic system for all variables of growth and development of Sugarcane plants (Table 2)
This result is very important in this type of research since this variable is one of the most important to study the tolerance of plants to Al3+ toxicity (Ecco; Santiago; Lima, 2014; Maia et al, 2018)
Summary
Due to the growing demand from domestic and foreign markets for renewable fuels, sugar, and bioenergy, sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) has become increasingly important in the Brazilian scenario (Unica, 2017). Along with their derivatives, sugarcane compose the second largest source of primary energy in the Brazilian energy matrix (Maia et al, 2018). In recent years there has been a great expansion of sugarcane cultivation in Brazil (Goldfray et al., 2010; Caldarelli; Gilio, 2018) With this expansion, sugarcane has advanced to regions of the west of São Paulo State and areas of the Brazilian Cerrado, which are characterized by acid soils, high levels of toxic elements such as aluminum (Al3+) and manganese (Mn2+), and generalized nutrient deficiency (Sousa; Miranda; Oliveira, 2007). The scientific research focused on identifying and understanding genotypes tolerant to these conditions is highly desirable since their use directly in the field or indirectly in breeding processes allows reducing costs of soil and crop management and productivity losses, which is reflected in an increased agricultural and industrial stability and yield (Too et al, 2014)
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