Abstract
The term factor has, in genetic use, two distinct meanings, which are continually interchanged or combined and often confused. It is essential to clearness in genetic discussion that these two meanings should be carefully distinguished. These meanings may be indicated by the following formal definitions: 1. A genetic (Mendelian) factor is a property or characteristic of the germ-plasm, more or less conveniently delimited for the purpose of analysis of segregating heredity. 2. A genetic (Mendelian) factor, or gene, is an actual material unit of genetic segregation; it is of unknown nature, but probably consists of a genetically indivisible portion of a chromosome (a locus.) in a particular state. The presence-and-absence scheme of factor notation properly employs only the first of these meanings; the Morgan-Castle scheme, on the other hand, may use either.
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