The Different Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients Between Pediatric and Adults

Abstract

Background: In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) emerged in Wuhan, China. Objectives: The current research aimed to evaluate the clinical features of COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients and compare them with those of adult patients in Sanandaj, Iran. Methods: Retrospectively, 56 hospitalized cases, including 32 adult and 24 pediatric patients with COVID-19 from March 7th, 2020, to June 5th, 2020, were enrolled in this study. The clinical and laboratory findings of the pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection were analyzed and compared with those of the adult patients. Results: The average number of fever days in adults was higher than that of pediatric patients (P = 0.04). Cough was more severe in adults than in pediatric patients (P = 0.03). Diarrhea was not statistically different between the two groups. Dizziness was far more common in adults than pediatric patients (P = 0.01). The percentage of blood oxygen saturation decreased in both groups, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. C-reactive protein (CRP) was positive in many patients in both groups; however, there was no difference between the pediatric and adult patients. Lymphopenia was significantly higher in adults than in pediatric patients (P = 0.02). As in pediatric patients, an increase in liver enzymes was seen in adults. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: The present study showed that pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection have milder clinical symptoms than adults. However, according to the laboratory findings, pediatric patients need to be followed up as well as adult patients.