Abstract
After eight years of quiescence, Fernandina volcano experienced two short-lived eruptions, on 4-09-2017 and 16-06-2018. The eruptions were characterized by very short periods of unrest that started hours before the initiation of the eruptive activity. On the other hand, Sierra Negra volcano (Isabela Island) began a new eruptive period on 26-06-2018, after almost one year of persistent unrest characterized by an increase in the magnitude and number of seismic events and >5 m of uplift since its last eruption in 2005. The Sierra Negra and Fernandina eruptions were located in remote zones where access is extremely complex. Thus, satellite images complement the continuous monitoring data of the Instituto Geofísico with remote observations, allowing rapid response mapping to identify the areas affected by the lava flows. Finally, the aim of this Report is to encourage other scientists to investigate the behaviors of both pre-eruptive and eruptive periods registered during these eruptions.
Highlights
The Galapágos Islands are a group of basaltic shield volcanoes related to a hotspot that currently lies 170 km south of the Galápagos Spreading Center [Allan and Simkin 2000]
The western volcanoes located on Isabela and Fernandina islands show frequent activity with approximately 69 eruptions reported since the early 1800s [Global Volcanism Program 2013c]
This Report presents an overview of the time series before and during recent eruptions in Galápagos (2017 and 2018 Fernandina eruptions and 2018 Sierra Negra)
Summary
The Galapágos Islands are a group of basaltic shield volcanoes related to a hotspot that currently lies 170 km south of the Galápagos Spreading Center [Allan and Simkin 2000]. The western volcanoes located on Isabela and Fernandina islands show frequent activity with approximately 69 eruptions reported since the early 1800s [Global Volcanism Program 2013c]. In 2014, Instituto Geofísico (IG-EPN) installed new broadband seismometers on Fernandina (2) and Isabela (4), allowing a much better follow-up of the activity and for the first time allowing the study of seismic unrest. This Report presents an overview of the time series (seismic, ground deformation, SO2, thermal) before and during recent eruptions in Galápagos (2017 and 2018 Fernandina eruptions and 2018 Sierra Negra). This information allows us to illustrate significant differences between those volcanic systems and their behavior
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