Abstract
Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) is widely used to monitor the progression of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. While there is a clear correlation between the number of COVID patients in a sewershed and the viral load in the wastewater, there is notable variability across different treatment plants. In particular, some facilities consistently exhibit higher viral content per diagnosed patient, implying a potential underestimation of the number of COVID patients, while others show a low viral load per diagnosed case, indicating potential attenuation of genetic material from the sewershed. In this study, we investigated the impact of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPHE), linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (LABS), bisoctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (BDAC), and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), the surfactants that have been commonly used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents on the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. The results showed multiple and dynamic mechanisms, including degradation and desorption, can occur simultaneously during the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and different chemicals depending on the physicochemical properties of each chemical. Through the elucidation of the dynamic interactions, the findings from this study could help the state health organizations and scientific community to optimize the SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology strategies.
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