The Difference in Open Innovation between Open Access and Closed Access, According to the Change of Collective Intelligence and Knowledge Amount

Jinhyo Joseph Yun,Sangwoo Kim,Zheng Liu,Kyunghun Kim,Euiseob Jeong

doi:10.3390/su14052574

Abstract

This study explored the differences in the effects of collective intelligence and references on open innovation between open and closed access journals. This study analyzed the moderating effect of references on the motivation of collective intelligence on open innovation from 2003 to 2006 and 2013 to 2016, considered to be the digital transformation era. The Scopus database on open and closed access journals was used for ordinary regression analysis. During the 2003–2006 period, only papers in closed access journals demonstrated sufficient effect of collective intelligence and reference on open innovation and the effective moderating role of reference. However, between 2013 and 2016, papers in open and closed access journals demonstrated the incentive effects of collective intelligence and references on citation and the moderating role of references on the correlation between collective intelligence and citation. The increase in digital transformation strengthens the collective intelligence and references of open access journals, and citations of open access journals nearly surpass those of closed access journals.

Highlights

Received: 23 January 2022Since the 2000s, with the arrival of the fourth industrial revolution, online open access journals (OAJs) have emerged, which can be considered the second information technology (IT) revolution or digital transformation in the journal industry [1,2]
With the explosion of cyber space from social network system to online academic communities, the collective intelligence (CI) of scholars in online OAJs became a subject of debate during the COVID-19 pandemic
This study only focuses on the cognitive intelligence aspects of collective intelligence [20]

Summary

Introduction

Since the 2000s, with the arrival of the fourth industrial revolution, online open access journals (OAJs) have emerged, which can be considered the second information technology (IT) revolution or digital transformation in the journal industry [1,2]. With the explosion of cyber space from social network system to online academic communities, the collective intelligence (CI) of scholars in online OAJs became a subject of debate during the COVID-19 pandemic. The accessibility and public interest of science has been recognized and legitimized by the global scientific community and science institutions over the past 300 years, the whole paradigm of open science and its social contract is being challenged by various “enemies”, such as market-based privatized commercial science [5].

Methods

Findings

Discussion

Conclusion