Abstract
The vestibular surfaces of the first and second deciduous molars of the Neanderthal Child Gibraltar 2 (Iberian Peninsula) have been studied by SEM. The striation pattern of this fossil, defined as the number, length and orientation of striations in 1 mm2 of enamel, was compared to that observed in modern hunter-gatherer groups and to that of a sample of subadult individuals from a medieval site in Castile (Spain). Results show that Gibraltar 2 had a more abrasive diet than the medieval individuals of the same dental age, thus resulting in a high number of striations. Considering the proportion of horizontal to vertical striations, Gibraltar 2 displays a pattern close to that observed in Eskimos and Fueguians. This suggests that Gibraltar 2 could have been mainly carnivorous.
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