The diagnostic role and clinical association of serum proteinase 3 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

Background and aim: Accurate differentiation of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) is important for appropriate therapy and prognosis. This study was designed to explore the utility of proteinase 3 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (PR3-ANCA) in the diagnosis of Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods: Blood samples were collected from 216 Chinese patients, including 175 IBD and 41 colorectal polyps (disease control). Clinical characteristics were extracted from electronic medical records.Results: Serum PR3-ANCA were increased in UC patients compared to those with CD or colorectal polyps (p < .0001). PR3-ANCA was negative in colorectal polyps and there was no significant difference between CD and colorectal polyps (p > .05). Using the cut-off value of 20 chemiluminescent units (CU) provided by manufacturer, the positive rate of PR3-ANCA was higher in UC than CD (41.7% vs. 1.1%; p < .0001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84–0.95; p < .0001) for differentiating UC from CD and suggested an optimized cutoff of 7.3 CU which improved sensitivity from 41.7% to 57.1%, while maintaining a specificity of 98.9%. PR3-ANCA in severe UC patients were higher than those with moderate UC (p < .05), no difference was found between those in remission or with mild or moderate activity (p > .05).Conclusions: Serum PR3-ANCA is a potentially useful clinical biomarker in Chinese patients with IBD. A modified cut-off value of 7.3 CU improves the performance for distinguishing UC from CD.