The diagnostic accuracy of adjusted unconventional indices for adrenal vein sampling in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism subtypes.

Abstract

Simple unconventional indices did not demonstrate a satisfactory accuracy for diagnosing unilateral primary aldosteronism when adrenal vein sampling is not bilaterally selective. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of clinical/imaging-corrected unconventional indices for adrenal vein sampling in predicting unilateral primary aldosteronism. Data of all consecutive patients with primary aldosteronism subtyped with adrenal vein sampling, referred to two Italian centers, were analyzed retrospectively. All patients with proved unilateral aldosterone hypersecretion underwent adrenalectomy. Unilateral disease was diagnosed in 58 cases (54.2%) and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism in 49 individuals (45.8%). The monoadrenal index (aldosterone-to-cortisol ratio in the adrenal vein) showed high accuracy in predicting ipsilateral disease and moderate accuracy in predicting contralateral aldosterone hypersecretion. The monolateral index (aldosterone-to-cortisol ratio in the adrenal vein vs. peripheral blood) revealed moderate accuracy in predicting ipsilateral disease and high accuracy in predicting contralateral aldosterone hypersecretion. Lesion side- and hypokalemia-corrected ROC curves for these unconventional indices revealed a significant improvement in the reliability of predicting ipsilateral/contralateral disease, reaching high accuracy in all models. For an immediate clinical application of our results, the adjusted cut-offs were calculated, according to the Youden's criterion and to a pre-established specificity of 95%, for all possible combinations of lesion side at imaging and presence/absence of hypokalemia. This study demonstrated the high diagnostic accuracy of clinical-/imaging-corrected unconventional indices for adrenal vein sampling in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism subtypes and suggests the use of these adjusted indices to select patients for adrenalectomy when adrenal vein sampling is not bilaterally selective.