The diagnosis, transmission and prevention of HIV-1 in the infant under 18 months of age: implications for nursing practice.

Abstract

Vertical transmission of HIV from mother-to-child is a significant problem around the world. This paper examines the main issues that confront those caring for pregnant women who may transmit HIV-1 to their babies with reference to the impact upon clinical practice. Nursing practice should accommodate research from a number of disciplines including medical and scientific researchers. A number of risk factors for vertical transmission have been identified, including immunological status of the mother, premature birth, method of delivery and breast feeding. The use of prophylactic zidovudine has also been shown to reduce the rate of transmission of the virus, although it is not clear at what point in pregnancy and delivery it exerts this protection. Although this paper considers recent advances in the prevention of vertical transmission, this is a rapidly developing area and readers are provided with Internet addresses where the most up to date information may be found.