Abstract
After I had seen an ensacculated obstructing stone of the common duct at necropsy, which had been overlooked in several operations for the relief of severe biliary obstruction, an aid to the diagnosis of bile duct stones occurred to me. This method is the use of the wax-tipped filiform bougie in the bile ducts and is new in this application, though heretofore it has been used in the diagnosis of ureteral stones. In consequence of an impression or scratch mark being made on the soft wax impregnated on the end of a flexible bougie or probe, the presence of a stone and its location in the bile duct may be positively diagnosed. The wax tip was first used in the diagnosis of ureteral stones through a speculum in the female bladder.1Since the passing of the tip through the modern cystoscopes exposed the wax to scratches, it was temporarily
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