THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF UKRAINE'S ENERGY SYSTEM AND THE PLACE OF SMALL MODULAR REACTORS IN IT

Abstract

The paper describes the characteristics of small modular reactors (SMR), their differences from existing nuclear power plants and the features of their use in modern hybrid electric power systems in combination with renewable energy sources and Nuclear Renewable Hybrid Energy System (NRHES) electricity storage, their advantages and problems of use in the future power system of Ukraine. Prospects for cooperation in this area with companies from the United States of America were considered. Small modular SMR reactors are suitable for electrical systems of various capacities, their modular system allows flexibility and speed of construction, reduces capital investment needs and eases financing requirements. The smaller size and variety of reactors can also mean that they can be built in locations not traditionally suitable for large nuclear power plants and, importantly, near energy-intensive industries or remote communities, i.e. as elements of distributed generation. They can ensure a reliable supply of not only electricity, but also heat. SMRs can also be deployed at decommissioned coal-fired power plants. Taking advantage of existing infrastructure, including switchgear and coal-fired turbines, could reduce SMR construction costs and avoid the need to add new transmission lines from these facilities. Problems with the implementation of such networks are revealed. Attention was drawn to the increased complexity of the system in connection with the use of various sources of generation and processes of distribution and consumption of electricity. The main technical characteristics, features of the reactor design, the station building, safety systems and control systems are given. The study concludes that SMRs have significant advantages for use in modern networks, due to their modular design and modular deployment, to meet a variety of power switching and scaling requirements.