The development of the teaching of Medical Police at higher medical schools in the Russian Empire

The article deals with legal principles of training lecturers of Ukrainian higher educational establishments abroad. The role of scientific, pedagogical and practical advanced training is shown in an increase of a lecturer’s professional competence level at higher medical schools in Ukraine.Objective: to inform about the main types of advanced practical training of teachers at foreign higher educational establishments and clinics, to demonstrate its value for acquiring professional competence by the teachers of Ukrainian higher educational medical schools. Conclusion. Scientific advanced training abroad promotes improvement of scientific-pedagogical and professional-practical competence of the teachers at Ukrainian higher educational medical establishments.

The article reveals the history of the origin and organization of educational institutions for the training of medical workers in Elisavetgrad region in the second half of the XIX century. It was found that the history of medical education was a prominent page in the history of Elisavetgrad region of the pre-revolutionary period. In medical schools, in particular in the Elisavetgrad Medical and Surgical School (1787-1797), which was one of the best medical institutions in the Russian Empire and the first higher medical school in the empire of the historical period, which used original approaches to the educational process, effectively solved educational problems. The aims of the article are to reveal the history of the origin and organization of educational institutions for the training of medical workers in Elisavetgrad region in the second half of the XIX century. The publication uses a historical-retrospective method, which allows a retrospective analysis of the history of Elisavetgrad Medical and Surgical School in the study period and highlights its contribution to the development of medical education in the region. Historiographical review of the problem revealed that there are currently no scientific studies that would systematically and fully analyze the historiography of medical education in Elisavetgrad in the period under study, so the development of medical education in the second half of the nineteenth century needs further study. Analysis and systematization of research on this issue has further development. The accumulated experience of regional medical education in the outlined historical period can be useful at the stage of revival and development of medical education in Ukraine.

Modern social processes determine new vital areas of reconstruction of the educational process in higher medical school on the way to teaching future professionals in all fields of medicine. The objective reality of Ukraine’s development today is the expansion of international ties and integration into the European community. Medical professionals' knowledge of foreign languages ​​is becoming essential in such circumstances. The article aims to develop and scientifically substantiate methodological concepts and theoretical bases of the English language professional teaching of future doctors in higher medical schools, characterize the levels of English professional knowledge of medical students, analyze the findings and imply them to future research and practice. The pedagogical conditions of English-language professional teaching of future doctors such as motivational stability and awareness of the need to learn English for further professional communication; integration of professional and linguistic (English-speaking) disciplines in the educational process of the higher medical school; creation of the developmental English-speaking professional environment in medical higher schools; involvement of future doctors in active English-speaking professionally-oriented activities were defined and substantiated. The authors designed and verified the model of English-language professional teaching to future doctors in higher medical schools. Besides, they experimentally established and statistically confirmed the positive dynamics of the levels of English-language professional teaching to students in the experimental group. This was achieved due to the introduction of the designed methodology to future doctors who study at higher medical schools. The application of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov λ-test confirms the validity of the proposed model and experimental technique.

The problems of profile education at secondary school are discussed. The problems are considered at the "school - High Medical School" innovation education complex.

The article is devoted to historical and legal analysis of the health care workers’ legal status development. The paper analyses the beginning of the establishment of the first rules of behavior and professional responsibilities of medical workers in Ukraine, as well as regulations governing the legal status of medical workers in different years in Ukraine. It has been emphasized on the importance of research in the context of the modern health sector reforms for the formation of its directions of implementation.
 The administrative and legal status of a medical worker makes it possible to determine their place and role in public administration and other public relations. The rights and responsibilities of health care workers are of great scientific and practical importance, especially in view of the ongoing health care reform processes in the country. In view of this, it is important to study the peculiarities of the formation of certain rights and responsibilities of medical workers, which constitute their current legal status, over a significant period of the Ukrainian history.

The article deals with gender-educational technologies as psychological and pedagogical accompaniment of professional training for future doctors in higher medical. Defined psychological conditions and means of gender culture of medical students as a necessary component of the forming doctor’s professional competence and egalitarian consciousness. Indicated that imp-lementation of gender-educational technologies as a psychological and pedagogical accompaniment on the basis of personality-oriented approach which involves the preparation of young people - students of medical university, a flexible social sex repertoire of behavior and different spheres of life, taking into account their abilities, preferences, inclinations, opportunities. Promoted the idea of balance and inter-changeability of gender roles, completeness of individuality, harmonic integrity of the individual, regardless of the gender identity. Based on results of testing and implementation of gender-educational technologies in educational process determined that a learning environment in higher medical school is filled with gender content, creating conditions for upbringing and gender culture of tolerance of future doctors. Author introduced a special course on psychology and gender-oriented training psycho-pedagogical orientation.Further prospects of research is the implementation of gender-egalitarian approach to the content of educational and extracurricular work in higher medical school at the stages of under-graduate and postgraduate education of future doctors and conducting gender-educational arrangements (seminars, thematic lessons, roundtables and training on gender issues).Keywords: gender identity, assertiveness, personality-oriented approach, an egalitarian consciousness, gender and educational technologies, psychological and pedagogical accompaniment.

The traditional orientation of the international organization of the Red Cross to support and raise nursing as a relevant factor in the achievement of goals and the transfer of work programs towards the protection and improvement of people's health, contributed to the Red Cross of Serbia developing its activity towards the increasingly complex training of health care personnel. The path was covered from lower schools for child care workers in republican centers, through a high school for nurses in Belgrade, to the eminent higher school for nurses - "College in Simina Street", the founder, together with the health service, planned to employ the first generations in key places in the teaching bases of the school and in schools for nurses, in order to ensure quality staff for raising the level of professional work and for inclusion in the processes of education and upbringing of generations of nurses to come. The Higher Medical School in Belgrade was founded in 1958 with two departments: the Department of Senior Nursing Technicians and the Department of Senior Sanitary Technicians. The education of senior nurses in Serbia until 1973 was carried out in two schools, namely the Higher School for Nurses of the Yugoslav Red Cross and the Higher Medical School in Belgrade. Already in 1971, the idea of integrating the Higher School for Nurses of the Yugoslav Red Cross with the Higher Medical School in Belgrade was initiated. Since 2007, the transformation of the school from higher to high has begun, and a study program of basic vocational studies for nurses has been created. This programme was accredited by the decision of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Serbia dated April 30, 2007. The goal of the program is the higher education of nurses who should be qualified to work in the field of theoretical and practical nursing and to take on responsible tasks for the protection and improvement of health. The school's specialist study programs have a clearly defined role in the system of higher education of nurses, and they follow on from the basic professional studies. The new study program for Vocational master's nurse - clinical nursing lasts two school years and is realized through five modules within the framework of theoretical work, exercises, independent work of students, professional practice in health institutions, and the preparation of a master's thesis under the supervision of a mentor.

The question of teaching clinical disciplines, including surgery, in a higher medical school is inextricably linked with the question of what type of doctor should be trained by a higher medical school.

Objective To assess the status of self-esteem of college students of higher vocational medical school and to provide targeted guidance.Methods Totally 1014 college students of higher vocational medical school were assessed using self-esteem scale and the results were analyzed by SPSS 13.0.Results The self-esteem levels among different student levels were different.The self-esteem level was lower in students of technical secondary school than in students of vocational college and junior college.The self-esteem levels were different among factors of different grades,family location,duty and post,satisfaction degree for school,individual health and family education (P ＜ 0.05 ) ;while they are not significantly different among factors of gender,major,being singleton or not and family types ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions School should further strengthen the mental health education and use kinds of methods to improve the self-esteem of college students. Key words: College students; Higher vocational medical school; Self-esteem; Strategy

The article deals with the problem of the effectiveness of the developmental influence, the possibilities and limitations of modern innovative pedagogical technologies in higher medical school, aimed at shaping the professional communicative culture of future doctors. The role of the pedagogical learning technologies in the process of implementing the competence-based approach in higher medical schools has been characterized. The illuminated personality-oriented direction of innovative education in medical universities. There is a reasonable opinion, that the most effective are such pedagogical technologies, focused on the personality of a medical student, on the development of the future doctors not only professional knowledge and skills, but, above all, the qualities aimed at developing of communicative knowledge and psychotherapeutic skills during the professional dialogue. It is emphasized the importance of case study method applying, which serves as a tool, that allows applying the theoretical knowledge of the medical students to solving practical questions, improve skills and gain experience in identifying, selecting and solving professional problems. The data on the evaluation of the motivational component peculiarities of the medical students' readiness to conduct a cyanogenic dialogue between a doctor and a patient based at the Department of Foreign Languages at Zaporizhzhya State Medical University are given.

Aim: To analyze the potential of artificial intelligence in the process of solving innovative ideas in the system of training future doctors, improving the educational process in medical universities, and analyzing the concept of quot; health and quot; as a key term in professional activity. In order to achieve the stated goal, we plan to examine the importance of this concept for regulatory documents and propose an original (authorial) solution to these issues. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar. Additional grey literature was identified through institutional repositories, conference proceedings, and relevant policy documents of the Ukrainian government and the European Union. Such keywords and their combinations as "artificial intelligence", "medical education", "empathy", "anamnesis", "academic integrity", "iatrogenesis", "digital transformation", "higher medical school", "information culture", "AI in healthcare", "Poland", "Ukraine" were used. Inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed articles published between 2018 and 2025 in English, Ukrainian, or Polish that focused on the use of AI in medical education, clinical training, and healthcare organization, as well as studies analyzing its advantages, limitations, ethical considerations, and offering comparative or practical recommendations. Exclusion criteria included non-scientific sources, articles unrelated to medical education or healthcare, and studies lacking clear methodology or outcome measures. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence in organizing the administrative work of medical institutions has the significant potential. This refers to information about staff and patients, organizing communication schedules with specialists of the relevant profile, and optimizing schedules.

Background: The nursing profession is predisposed toward depressed mood and depressive symptoms. The multidirectionality and intensity of stressors in the nurses' occupational environment are of great significance in this respect. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of selected sociodemographic factors on depressive symptoms among cardiac nurses.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 336 cardiac nurses (302 women and 34 men) and was conducted between December 2019 and September 2020 in four hospital cardiac units in Wroclaw, Poland. Sociodemographic data were collected using a self-developed survey. The following standardized instruments were used for the study outcomes: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).Results: The study among cardiac nurses showed mild depression in 11.61%, moderate depression in 5.06%, and severe depression in 2.68%. Linear regression models showed that significant (p < 0.05) predictors of the PHQ-9 score included (1) higher occupational education (bachelor's degree), graduation “only” from medical high school or “other” education; (2) work experience of 16–20 years; (3) living in a relationship; (4) living in a rural area. Linear regression models showed that significant (p < 0.05) predictors of the BDI score included (1) higher occupational education (bachelor's degree); (2) graduation “only” from medical high school or “other” education; (3) living in a relationship.Conclusions: Depressive symptoms are a significant problem among Polish cardiac nurses. The prevalence of depressive symptoms is affected by the education level, employment form, marital status, and place of residence.

Background/Aim. To reduce the risk of burnout development in medical professionals, it is important to identify the contributing factors as early as in their schooling years. The aim of this study was to propose a model for determining the relationship between the coping strategies used by medical high school and medical faculty students and burnout. Methods. The cross-sectional study included 164 students of Medical High School (80.5% female and 19.5% male) and 344 students of the Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Serbia (76.9% female and 23.1% male). The model exploring the relationship between coping strategies (measured by the Brief COPE scale) and burnout [measured by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory-student version (CBI-S) scale] was tested using structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis. Results. When copied with stress, Medical High School students used Acceptance, Venting, Behavioural Disengagement, and Planning, which increased their burnout, but they did not use any strategies to help them reduce burnout. When copied with stress, Faculty of Medicine students used Planning, Acceptance, Humour, Venting, Behavioural Disengagement, Self-Blame, and Substance Use, which increased their burnout, and Positive Reframing, which helped them reduce burnout. Conclusion. The results of this research showed an evident lack of using adaptive coping strategies with both groups of respondents. Proper education could help them replace these dysfunctional coping strategies with constructive ones.

A Plausible Pipeline to Diversifying Orthopaedics: Premedical Programming

Objective: to summarize the main facts of M. M. Terekhovskyi’s biography based on a critical analysis of publications and, at the same time, to highlight his contribution to the improvement of teaching in higher medical school. Materials and methods. Published materials were used as historical sources. The historical method was the main research method in the article. Results. We performed an analysis of the literature about prof. Terekhovskyi. For the first time, his role in the reforms of higher medical education in the late 18th – early 19th centuries was clarified. The first critical analysis of the literature about M. M. Terekhovskyi, published over more than a century and a half, made it possible to identify erroneous statements and typos. It was found that the first publication about him appeared in 1845, that is, half a century after his death. It was a brief biographical note in the dictionary of Metropolitan Eugene. It was proved that the main and most complete life description of Professor Terekhovskyi was his biography written by Ya. A. Chistovich (1883), which was based on archival materials and supplemented with archival findings by M. K. Borodii (1984). The fundamental study of his contribution to science was represented by the work of S. L. Sobol (1948, 1963). It was shown that the charter of 1792 of the higher medical school (academy), which Professor Terehovskyi took part in, served as the basis for the staff of the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy in 1808. The charter of 1792 for the first time included Medical Police (Politia Medica), which was later transformed into Social Hygiene and Public Health, as one of the teaching subjects in the higher medical school. Then it was enshrined in the charter of 1806, which was written by the founder of this science, J. P. Frank. The study made it possible to identify gaps in the biography of M. M. Terekhovskyi. Thus, the date and month of his birth are still unknown; it is not clear who his mother was, whether he had his own family (wife, children), and whether he received a scholarship from Princess Ye. D. Golitsyna. With this regard, further archival searches are needed to confirm Professor Terekhovsky’s authorship of the handwritten essay «Opinion on the correction of medical sciences.»