The Development of the Controlled Buoyancy System for Installation of Submerged Pipelines

Abstract

The need to install pipe at greater underwater depths than ever before has led to the development of the controlled buoyancy system. The method involves maintaining the water level in a submerged and buoyant vessel constant through the proper balancing of air volume under changing water‐pressure conditions. The method was refined through actual applications in the installations of submerged outfall pipelines, but the system can be applied to other types of pipelines