Abstract
A neutrally buoyant, radioactive tracer method is proposed, developed, and demonstrated for laminar flow measurements. The method consists of: (1) using controlled, syringe-type impulse tracer injections, (2) subsequent external monitoring of the downstream tracer concentration, and (3) use of the experimental data with a mathematical model to extract measurements of volumetric flow rate and flow channel volume by a non-linear least-squares method. The initial condition for syringe-type impulse tracer injections was found by dye and radioactive tracer experiments to be characterized by the sum of two simple, radially symmetrical pencil-like shapes superimposed on one another. Further tracer experiments yielded empirical correlations for all the parameters pertinent to the description of the initial condition for the range of flow conditions of interest in venous blood flow. The resulting method is demonstrated for the laminar flow of water in straight, vertical channels of constant circular cross sectional area in the range of conditions pertinent to blood flow.
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